Chemistry----Water And Its Treatment

                               Water And Its Treatment

                            2-marks/4-marks

            1.   Why water is used as a medium in boilers?

2. Differentiate between External Treatment Method 

       and Internal Treatment Method.

3. Define Feed Water.

4. Define (a) Scales   (b) Sludge

5. State and explain the causes of formation of Scales and Sludge.

6. State and explain the various Disadvantages of Scales and Sludge.

7. State and explain the various method for removal of Scales and Sludge.

8. Define Boiler Corrosion. Also State various factors that contribute 

       to the boiler corrosion.

9. State (a) Priming   (b) Foaming

       Also, state the causes and prevention methods.

10. Explain Caustic Embrittlement.

11. Define Water Softening.

12. Give Difference between Soft water and demineralzed water.

13. State various methods for softening of temporary hard water.

14. Differentiate between Hot lime soda and Cold lime soda process.

15. Define Zeolite process.

16. Give general formula of zeolites. Write down the reactions showing 

      their regeneration.

17. What is Colloidal Conditioning of boiler feed water?

18. How Scale formation can be prevented by

            (i) Phosphate Conditioning     (ii) Calgon Conditioning        

      19. Explain the process of Electrodialysis.

      20.  Define Reverse Osmosis.

      21.  Define chlorination. Discuss commonly used methods for chlorination.

      22. Define Break Point Chlorination.

      23. Why Mg(HCO3)3 requires doube amount of lime for softening?

      24. State the method of regeneration of exhausted ion-exchange resins.

                     6-marks/8-marks

1. State and explain lime soda process for treatment of hard water.

2. State and explain various Internal Treatment methods for treatment of 

    hard water.  

3. Calculate the amount of lime(90%) and soda(94%) required for softening  

    50,000L of hard water containing Ca(HCO3)2  = 40.5 ppm; 

    Mg(HCO3)2 = 73ppm; Cacl2 = 55.55ppm; MgSo4 = 60ppm; 

    CaSo4 = 34 ppm & NaCl = 10.0 ppm.

    Also calculate temporary and permanent Hardness of water.

4. State and explain zeolite process for softening of hard water. Also state

    its advantages and Disadvantages.

5. Discuss the Demineralization of Water By Ion Exchange Process.

                                                OR

    Describe the ion exchange process of softening of hard water. 

    What are its advantages?

6.  Describe various methods for purification of water for domestic use on large scale.

7.  Describe various methods for purification of water for domestic use on small scale.

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