Chemistry----Spectroscopy And Its Applications

                               Spectroscopy And Its Applications

2-marks/4-marks

1.      Define electromagnetic spectrum.

2.      Define spectroscopy.

3.      Define Wave number.

4.      What is chemical shift.

5.      Explain briefly the various types of molecular transitions.

6.      What is UV spectrum? Give various regions associated with UV spectrum.

7.      State Franck Condon Principle. Also explain its use.

8.      Define (a) Bathochromic Shift (b) Hypsochromic Shift

9.      Explain Isobestic Point.

10.  State major applications of UV Spectroscopy.

11.  What are molecular Vibrations? State its types.

12.  State the major applications of Infrared Spectroscopy.

13.  Why TMS is used as a reference standard in NMR Spectroscopy?

14.  Explain Spin-Spin Coupling.

15.  How many NMR signals will be given by each of following compounds?

      (a) Ethyl Acetate         (b) Acetone     (c) Diethyl ether

16. Define Allowed and Forbidden Transitions.

17. State Lambert-Beer Law.

18. What is fingerprint region in IR?

19. State the factors affecting chemical Shift?

20. Explain Spin-Spin Coupling in detail.

       6-marks/8-marks

   1. (a) State and explain the principle of NMR Spectroscopy.

    (b) State the working of NMR Spectrometer.

2. (a)  Explain  (i) Intensities of spectral line (ii) Width of spectral line

     (b) State Frank Codon Principle.

3. Discuss IR spectroscopy and state its various applications.

4. (a) Explain the working of UV spectrometer.

    (b) Define (i) Auxochromes      (ii) Chromophores

5.  Explain following terms:

      (a) Blue Shift             

      (b) Red Shift

      (c) Hyperchromic effect

      (d) Isobestic Point                  

Chemistry----Green Chemistry And Its Applications

Green Chemistry And Its Applications 

2-marks/4-marks

Q1. Define Green Chemistry. Why it is called so?

Q2. What do you mean by Sustainable Development?

Q3. Define (a) Pollution         (b) Toxicity

Q4. State the 6 R’s (Reductions) Pointed out by Green Chemistry.

Q5. Define Mass Efficiency Factor.

Q6. Explain the concept of Atom Economy with example.

Q7. Give an example of a reaction process having 100% Atom economy.

Q8. State the properties of an ideal green solvent.

Q9. How a reaction carried out in surrounding conditions is greener?

Q10. Explain why chemical derivatives should be avoided.

Q11. What is a catalyst? What are the various roles a catalyst can play in a reaction?

Q12. How a catalyst makes a reaction greener?

Q13. What is a Supercritical Liquid?

Q14. Define Supercritical Carbon dioxide (CO2). State its applications also.

Q15. Why water is used as a solvent?

Q16. Why Ionic solvents are known as Designer solvents?

Q17. Name 2 biodegradable solvents.           

Q18. Explain the use of Microwave radiations in Green Synthesis.

Q19. Define Cavitation.

Q20. What is Sonochemistry?

Q21. What is a biofuel? Give examples.

Q22. Explain   (a) Biodiesel    (b) Bio-ethanol

Q23. State few methods for minimization of energy consumption.

 6-marks/8-marks

Q1. State and explain the twelve principles of Green Chemistry.

Q2. Write an explainatory note on Biofuels.

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Chemistry----Water And Its Treatment

                               Water And Its Treatment

                            2-marks/4-marks

            1.   Why water is used as a medium in boilers?

2. Differentiate between External Treatment Method 

       and Internal Treatment Method.

3. Define Feed Water.

4. Define (a) Scales   (b) Sludge

5. State and explain the causes of formation of Scales and Sludge.

6. State and explain the various Disadvantages of Scales and Sludge.

7. State and explain the various method for removal of Scales and Sludge.

8. Define Boiler Corrosion. Also State various factors that contribute 

       to the boiler corrosion.

9. State (a) Priming   (b) Foaming

       Also, state the causes and prevention methods.

10. Explain Caustic Embrittlement.

11. Define Water Softening.

12. Give Difference between Soft water and demineralzed water.

13. State various methods for softening of temporary hard water.

14. Differentiate between Hot lime soda and Cold lime soda process.

15. Define Zeolite process.

16. Give general formula of zeolites. Write down the reactions showing 

      their regeneration.

17. What is Colloidal Conditioning of boiler feed water?

18. How Scale formation can be prevented by

            (i) Phosphate Conditioning     (ii) Calgon Conditioning        

      19. Explain the process of Electrodialysis.

      20.  Define Reverse Osmosis.

      21.  Define chlorination. Discuss commonly used methods for chlorination.

      22. Define Break Point Chlorination.

      23. Why Mg(HCO3)3 requires doube amount of lime for softening?

      24. State the method of regeneration of exhausted ion-exchange resins.

                     6-marks/8-marks

1. State and explain lime soda process for treatment of hard water.

2. State and explain various Internal Treatment methods for treatment of 

    hard water.  

3. Calculate the amount of lime(90%) and soda(94%) required for softening  

    50,000L of hard water containing Ca(HCO3)2  = 40.5 ppm; 

    Mg(HCO3)2 = 73ppm; Cacl2 = 55.55ppm; MgSo4 = 60ppm; 

    CaSo4 = 34 ppm & NaCl = 10.0 ppm.

    Also calculate temporary and permanent Hardness of water.

4. State and explain zeolite process for softening of hard water. Also state

    its advantages and Disadvantages.

5. Discuss the Demineralization of Water By Ion Exchange Process.

                                                OR

    Describe the ion exchange process of softening of hard water. 

    What are its advantages?

6.  Describe various methods for purification of water for domestic use on large scale.

7.  Describe various methods for purification of water for domestic use on small scale.

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